PUBLICATIONS
- Refugiados Ambientais: o que a Fotografia pode nos Contar?. Paranapiacaba Photography Festival blog, 2022.
- How Art Practices Can Commit to the Pursuit of Social and Environmental Justice – From and Beyond the Civil Contract of Photography, Lessons from the Amazon. Cadernos de Geografia (Special Issue), 2020.
- Dead Water – Development, Losses And Sensibilities. AgroCultures, 2020.
- The hydroelectric threat to the Amazon basin. VOICES OF LATIN AMERICA: Social Movements and the New Activism, 2019.
- O Ruir dos Rios e de Suas Redes. Amazônia Latitude, 2019.
- Rios-Desertos (Deserted Rivers). Revista da UFMG, 2019.
- Dead water - a photography-based inquiry into the impact of dams in Brazil. University of Brighton, 2018.
ESSAYS
“Worldwide, hydropower is pitched as a renewable and green energy source. But the production of hydroelectricity hides a much darker conflict—one that has long been overshadowed by its environmentally-friendly qualities. In her project Dead Water, Marilene Ribeiro sheds light on the severe impact that the construction of dams has on local inhabitants. Despite the destruction that hydropower plants cause to the lives of nearby residents, the surrounding wildlife, and traditional riverside cultures, the expansion of the hydropower industry continues to reek havoc on communities across the globe.
The photographer’s case study is her native Brazil. In a bid to create a counter-narrative to the mass media’s treatment of the subject—made up of portrayals that typically overlook the voices of ecologists, anthropologists, social activists and people personally hit directly by the industry—her project focuses on giving voice to the affected communities. Dead Water presents the material impact of hydropower through a hybrid point of view: both that of the photographer and the subjects of this story.
‘Each sitter was also asked to direct his/her own photo shoot, making the changes she/he wanted in order to best represent himself/herself, her/his history and feelings before the Other. I want the sitters’ voices to come through in the making of work, not simply as the observed within the documentary process.’ In addition to bearing witness to the changing landscape that surrounds the people she photographs, she invites them to express how they feel in response to these transformations that they have little control over: their thoughts, dreams, memories that speak to their intimate relationship to the place they belong to.
Using photography as an agent for change, Ribeiro positions her images within a highly active and engaged practice that includes writing a PhD on the subject and taking part in the collective Voices of Latin Amercia and Agnitio, a project that seeks to empower communities through photography. She is currently working on an extensive book project (which has been shortlisted for the Luma Rencontres Dummy Book Award at this year’s Rencontres d’Arles) that weaves the portraits together with in-depth research, unpacking many dimensions of this urgent issue. In doing so, she builds a multi-layered story on the development of Hydroelectricity, in which the overlooked become protagonists of this troubling narrative.”
SOPHIE WRIGHT (August 2019)
LensCulture’s editor.
The article can be accessed here.
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JEAN WAINWRIGHT
Art historian, critic and curator.
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“Central to Marilene’s project [Dead Water] has been her working method of collaborating with her subjects. Marilene has gone on to use concepts of documentary storytelling that are both engaging and innovative. She has place huge value on her subject’s voices and on what they want and need to say, she has encouraged them to show, through the photographic project, how they feel, how they have experienced life and ultimately what the damming of their rivers has meant to them.
The work is not only informative it is visually stunning, her subjects shine proudly out of the images and the interviews, they set their case up powerfully and with an exquisite finesse that cannot fail to impress on the audience the tragedy of their situation. Dead Water expands and adds to the contemporary field of documentary photography practices through the nature of the collaboration. The work can be described as multi dimensional and adds layers of meaning both through the method Marilene employs and from the combining of material (texts, photographs, video, vernacular material and drawings).
The project is both highly respectful and intelligent, it is the cleverness of the three dimensional feel to this work that brings Marilene’s subjects and their experiences to life in a way that is undoubtedly innovative in the field of photography. She has used text and image. Testimonies from her subjects, drawings and notes, advertisements from the organisations who are perpetrating the crimes, traces of past lives in happier times, vernacular memories and then her own slowly worked out portraits made collaboratively with her subjects – all these different perspectives melded together in one book, we, the audience cannot fail to be transformed.
These are troubling times, and Marilene is exposing tales about things that remain hidden from our view, stories that corporations and governments like to conceal. I feel passionate about this work, it moves me, it informs me and it has educated me – I sincerely believe that this is how Dead Water will work in the world – to inform, to educate and to inspire change.”
ANNA FOX (March 2018)
Documentary photographer shortlisted for the Deutsche Börse
Photography Foundation Prize.
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“O projeto Dead Water de Marilene Ribeiro estabelece um elo entre a potência da imagem em acionar fabulações e memórias e o enfrentamento de importantes questões ambientais vividas diretamente por pessoas que tiveram suas vidas alteradas graças às problemáticas implantações de usinas hidroelétricas no Brasil.
O livro é uma longa pesquisa de natureza transdisciplinar envolvendo diversas áreas do conhecimento – orquestrada pelo campo da fotografia – que durou cerca de quatro anos incluindo inúmeras viagens nas regiões atingidas. Com isso Dead Water traz a fotografia como mediação de uma série de fabulações que acionam os imaginários e as memórias das populações atingidas em potentes processos colaborativos.
As imagens geradas nesse processo se colocam nas tramas da fotografia contemporânea nos revelando retratos densos e contundentes, repletos de histórias e memórias. Junto com as imagens Ribeiro também colhe depoimentos e articula textos que sinalizam, entre outros, as perdas das populações atingidas e o grande equívoco de pensarmos as usinas hidroelétricas como fontes limpas de energia limpa.
Com isso, Dead Water torna-se um livro que propõe diálogos entre a produção artística contemporânea em fotografia, a tradição dos retratos, a voz e visão dos atingidos assim como questões ambientais locais-globais. Tudo isso envolto em uma forma política-poética que se articula em torno da alteridade, questão sensível nesses tempos tão confusos que agora experimentamos com inúmeras disputas narrativas que tentam despistar os imensos problemas ambientais que o crescimento desordenado nos impõe.”
EDUARDO DE JESUS (outubro 2019)
Curador na área do audiovisual, arte contemporânea e tecnologia, com atuação na Mostra Fiat Brasil (Brasil, 2006), Festival Transitio-MX (México, 2008), Videobrasil (Brasil, 2014) e Festival Internacional de Fotografia de Belo Horizonte - FIFBH (Brasil, 2017), e professor titular do Departamento de Comunicação Social da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
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“À primeira vista, as imagens produzidas por Marilene Ribeiro e seus retratados parecem recorrer a um esquema de representação muito próximo ao das fotografias do século XIX, notadamente aquelas que tinham como função dar a ver e, no mesmo gesto, catalogar o que então se denominava "tipos humanos": a pose, a frontalidade, o aspecto descritivo, a presença do "outro".
Mas, ao contrário dessa iconografia oitocentista, em que os sujeitos são como que constrangidos a terem sua imagem registrada, transformados em objetos do olhar de um público ávido por exotismos ou do exame das ciências humanas emergentes no mesmo período, nas fotografias de Água Morta, os atingidos pela construção das hidrelétricas assumem um papel ativo, o que percebemos em seus corpos, suas atitudes, seus gestos. Se, na fotografia do século XIX, o outro está, via de regra, submetido a mecanismos sociais de controle e dominação econômica e simbólica, as pessoas fotografadas em Água Morta entram na imagem com o desejo de expressar suas angústias e sua raiva, decididas a registrar algo de sua história e de seu território, do qual foram ou serão removidas contra a sua vontade.
Quando assume de forma incisiva o componente colaborativo em seu trabalho, criando a metodologia e o dispositivo que abrem o processo de produção das imagens à participação efetiva dos retratados, Marilene Ribeiro subverte as relações de poder que atravessavam aquela cena e, mesmo que de forma mais sutil, continuaram a marcar o encontro entre fotógrafos e fotografados dentro da tradição do documentário ao longo do século XX.
A incorporação dos testemunhos e das fotografias de família, além de outros materiais como desenhos, mapas, folhetos e anúncios publicitários, reforça, por sua vez, o caráter polifônico do projeto. Junto aos potentes retratos que resultaram das trocas entre os atingidos e a fotógrafa, investe-se na montagem como forma de conhecimento, aprofundando a nossa compreensão do verdadeiro impacto desses grandes empreendimentos e dos custos materiais e imateriais que impõem ao meio ambiente e à vida de tantos, impossíveis de serem contabilizados.”
ANNA KARINA BARTOLOMEU (julho 2019)
Pesquisadora especialista em documentário,
curadora e professora titular do Departamento de Fotografia e Cinema da Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
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"Custos cria um ensaio documental a partir de três esquemas hidrelétricos que acontecem em diferentes épocas no Brasil (passado – a barragem de Sobradinho, presente – a barragem de Belo Monte e o futuro – o complexo da barragem de Garambi-Panambi). O filme navega com a câmera pelas águas do rio e das barragens enquanto ouvimos a voz dos moradores atingidos pelas obras. Eles cantam e falam de suas memórias afetivas, criando um inventário daquilo que desapareceu com as inundações: os peixes, os bichos que habitavam suas margens, assim como as memórias do espaço, da paisagem, de suas casas, de suas atividades cotidianas nas cidades inundadas. Pessoas sentem a dor por si e pelo rio, tratando-o como uma entidade viva, um pai, que está doente e precisa de ajuda."
BERNARDO VAZ (dezembro 2020)
Curador e produtor do Cine Beiras, Produção Audiovisual do Rio São Francisco.
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“Recentemente estive conversando com Marilene Ribeiro, fotógrafa brasileira que leva ao mundo seu projeto socioambiental realizado em cenários brasileiros de rios represados por barragens para a criação de hidroelétricas. Ela articula suas preocupações destacando a necessidade de empatia para com os que sofrem injustiças sociais e nas suas ações é possível notar um reflexo do primeiro momento do modernismo brasileiro. Aqui aparece na coautoria dos registros fotográficos que são realizados pelos entrevistados a partir da provocação que a fotógrafa faz a eles, e no uso da cor na fotografia como um elemento de aproximação da realidade. Segundo a artista, questões de identidade cultural são construídas por essas aproximações colaborativas, pelas apropriações e interferências mútuas, que, por sua vez, são refletidas entre as linguagens artísticas das quais ela e seus colaboradores se apropriam para expressão das denúncias que reportam através de imagens em fotografias, vídeos, textos e desenhos - fluindo numa grande instalação que tem se desdobrado em outras poéticas fotográficas, nos prêmios que dão visibilidade ao Projeto e o colocam dentro do debate internacional a partir do debate brasileiro, consumando outras premissas do nosso modernismo que estimulou o olhar para dentro de seu próprio país e suas questões urgentes. Lembramos que o movimento teve como símbolo um Apaboru pintado por Tarsila do Amaral. Com uma sugestão de melancolia, a figura sentada na terra, plantada uma perspectiva que projeta na sua pose reflexiva a cabeça para longe do espectador, sob um céu solar na companhia de uma planta, um único cacto que representa o sertão, o deserto, a escassez, a solidão.
É possível ver que o hibridismo na obra da fotógrafa se manifesta organicamente na sua poética visual do verso de um avesso social em busca das narrativas humanas e suas histórias pessoais de vida, atravessadas pelo capitalismo nas regiões que sofrem desapropriação material e imaterial. No entanto, cedendo espaço para as expressões próprias (e não só apropriadas) das comunidades ribeirinhas e mostrando a eles que por meio das imagens que produzem é possível representar seu mundo, revelar seus sentimentos, nomear suas perdas, reconstruir suas memórias, reivindicar seus direitos, Marilene Ribeiro realiza seu verso, a partir da realidade, como uma excelente modernista, porém no avesso da fotografia modernista que, em busca da forma pura e com a ausência de cor, deixou de lado os temas e os conteúdos sociais apropriados pela pintura e poesia. Seu compromisso em ver e fazer ver, apontar o sofrimento em meio a tanta beleza - brasileiros sofridos num cenário de paisagens incríveis - continua a nos lembrar esse lugar da fotografia documental enquanto meio de oxigenar pensamentos e reflexões numa resistência política e poética quanto ao "avesso do avesso do avesso do avesso", como diria Caetano Veloso ao se encontrar pela primeira vez com a urbanidade de São Paulo."
ADRIANA VIANNA (abril 2021)
Especialista em Filosofia e Arte pela PUC-Rio.
Colaboradora da revista brasileira Resumo Fotográfico, onde escreve regularmente sobre filosofia da imagem.
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"La série « Água Morta » de Marilene Ribeiro nous offre un récit innovant qui contribue au débat sur les innombrables possibilités de la nouvelle photographie documentaire. La relation entre la personne photographiée et le photographe est au centre de cette réflexion sur les barrages brésiliens qui submergent mémoires, rêves et histoire, en inondant des villes entières. La force de cette œuvre réside précisément dans cette dualité photographique : l'autre qui me dépeint, me révèle et se révèle à travers mon propre regard. Marilene Ribeiro nous propose une écriture imagée fondée sur l'éthique et l'altérité. Les images qui composent le corpus en question sont nourries par la profondeur du récit de ce qui a été photographié et par le désir de la photographe de faire émerger des histoires fortes et transformantes."
GLAUCIA NOGUEIRA (août 2021)
Iandé - La photographie brésilienne en France et en Europe.
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"Open Fire is an extremely powerful and innovative art work. Marilene Ribeiro has deliberately used fire as a weapon to deface her photos of extremely beautiful natural phenomena, like the first moments of dawn over a lagoon, with all the unexpected, subtle colours that pierce the near-pitch black of the night. The defaced photos are weird, unsettling yet strangely beguiling. For those who have seen wildfires in the Amazon, ignited by rapacious land thieves, the similarities are uncanny. Both show, on the one hand, the fearful destructiveness of fire, above all when it is out of control, and on the other hand its bewitching beauty. It brings to mind the Yanomami myth of the creation of fire: Sanema-Yanomami Indians tricked Iwá, the caiman who owned fire by hiding it in his mouth; they told him such a ridiculous joke that he couldn't help roaring with laughter and unwittingly opened his mouth, allowing a Yanomami to steal the fire. But the fire proved hard to control -- the caiman's wife tried to put it out by peeing on it, but failed. Fire took refuge in the in the heart of the sacred tree, Pulo. After that, the Yanomami could only have access to fire by approaching the Pulo tree with all the respect due to a sacred object.
This exhibition subtly highlights the danger of using fire indiscriminately, without the care shown by the Yanomami. The very title, Open Fire, is a reference to the onslaught of land thieves and cattle rearers on Brazil's forests. They don't use fire with caution, as a means of domesticating plants and harmoniously combining the need of forest dwellers for small patches of cleared forest with the respect for the forest they need for their survival. Instead, they use it as a weapon of destruction, allowing it to escalate out of control, causing huge damage to natural systems, local inhabitants and eventually to the arsonists themselves. In this way, the exhibition is a reflection on the global process of the violent, greedy occupation of the natural world by outsiders, anxious only to make money, without taking into account the destruction they do, It is this which is making the planet uninhabitable."
SUE BRANFORD (June 2022)
Journalist, Mongabay, Latin America Bureau, and former BBC editor.
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"Between lit and unlit worlds, times and spaces coexist, and, in that cosmos we attempt to absorb the sensitive field of photography in a more conscious fashion. On this path, possibilities are also opened up to us from the burning of an ‘Open Fire’, which also feeds landscapes where apparently only destruction can be seen. A burning which holds a close relationship with the infinite state of the compositions, also aware that de-composing turns to be the very nature of our journeys, as it has been for the photographic film, which, in its turn, reveals the path of air, combustion and decomposition of time. Therefore, perceiving these phenomena becomes an experience of living them from their very core. Experience that can lead us to other destinations, such as those of the politics, ecology, identity, and the humanities. And those are layers which Marilene Ribeiro offers to us in this visual feast of meaning and connexions, as she feeds herself on very Nature as well as on its resonances on issues which are already changing the world. Noteworthy, Open Fire exposes these matters in a time-space that is already future."
MARCELA BONFIM (June 2022)
Photographer and visual thinker.
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"Desde el inicio de la fotografia, el imperio de las imágenes se impuso a través del imaginario del hombre. Las ansias de capturar lo real, lo mirado, aquello que ocurría frente a los sentidos humanos podia ser capturado. El sueño perenne de atrapar las sensaciones o replicar lo que acontece. E incluso, cuestionó a las artes, que aún se obstinaban en retener lo real en las dos dimensiones de un cuadro. Junto al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologias, la fotografia ha ido especializándose y, junto a ello, abriendo su acceso a millones de personas. Anualmente generamos más de dos mil millones de fotografias, de todo tipo. ¿Pero esas imágenes nos confrontan son solo el intento de atrapar el tiempo y la memoria, pero que al mismo tiempo se pierde en el exceso de imágenes generadas? Hace unas semanas, se realizó el Encuentro de Fotografia VER/ VOIR, en la Alianza Francesa de Trujillo, donde se expusieron trabajos de fotógrafos del país y de otros lugares del mundo. Algunos trabajos, nos devolvian la mirada, o mejor dicho nos miraban desde esa distancia de la técnica, para cuestionar nuestras propias actividades, que destruyen lo que miran. No hay arte inocente, sino que conlleva una forma de como nos miramos y miramos el mundo, como ocurre con Agua Muerta, el trabajo expuesto de la fotógrafa brasileña Marilene Ribeiro, donde la frontera del desarrollo energético y la destrucción de los ecosistemas es mostrada desde la fragilidad humana, como un testimonio desde lo intangible y de lo que cambia, por la acción humana. En este imperio de la imagen, más allá del archivo lo que nos mira desde su exceso, también servira para enunciar la subjetividad de la memoria, de aquello que construimos y destruimos, en la eterna paradoja del poder de quién mira."
JORGE HURTADO (Noviembre 2022)
Escritor peruano.
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"Open Fire does not only impact an educated viewer but may also have a similar effect on every person: I say that because the language it speaks is not fully visual. There is a somatic aspect of it, a more tangible feeling that stems directly from the process of making those pictures, and its correspondence to the pictures' subject. In Ribeiro's approach, the burning process is the materialisation of the subject itself. The connection between the technique and the subject is not procedural but organic. It is as if these images operate both as evidence of ecological destruction that already happened and as a rehearsal for an upcoming one. Yes, there is strong visuality in the images and there are lots of things to talk about the visuals but the essential property and strength of this series is this double operation of a past and future look. And on this particular operation, a particular message is produced and delivered. I would say that the ideas and meanings Ribeiro wants to transfer through this work are neatly tied up: for a series to say anything really truthful about reality, it has to do so very obliquely, indirectly, causing the audience to reflect on what the work actually talks about."
LENSCULTURE (December 2022)
Photography online platform.
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"Open Fire es un trabajo multimedia que evoca poderosamente el drama de los incendios forestales en la Amazonía. Su creadora, la fotógrafa y activista brasileña Marilene Ribeiro, toma fotos analógicas de paisajes naturales, quema los originales fílmicos con un encendedor, y escanea el resultado. La materialidad de sus imágenes impacta al espectador más de lo que podría hacerlo cualquier reportaje o estadística. Y eso es lo que ella busca: su trabajo es un llamado a la acción. No solo se trata de un trabajo visualmente impactante, sino de una apuesta política en la que la fotógrafa brasileña cree profundamente. Tan profundamente que está dispuesta a quemar los originales fílmicos de sus fotografías para mandar el mensaje."
ALONSO ALMENARA (Marzo 2023)
Periodista y escritor, VIST Projects.
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"Marilene Ribeiro direciona suas observações sobre a ação das hidrelétricas. Sua obra Cama de Baleia parte de imagens frugais e sublimes dos interiores das casas nas comunidades ribeirinhas, em diversos locais do Brasil, atingidas pelas ações das barragens e dos deslocamentos dos cursos de rios que inundaram comunidades inteiras. Assim, mesas forradas com toalhas encimadas por vasos de flores de plástico prenunciam a tristeza, a saudade e a injustiça em se destruir o caráter identitário e subjetivo de moradores obrigados ao abandono dos lares. A escolha das cores caiadas nas paredes, os cantinhos decorados com cortinas de babado e jarros de flores, os móveis com toalhas de fuxico, as panelas areadas. Tudo nos faz refletir sobre a herança nefasta deixada pela ganância empresarial."
MARCELO CAMPOS (dezembro 2023)
Curador, Museu de Arte do Rio.
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"The work of Brazilian artist Marilene Ribeiro is a visual manifesto in which the confrontation with her existence and femininity is an act of resistance. Based on a real story of love and separation, Marilene Ribeiro invites us to explore the rituals of "disappearance" along with other women, as a form of expression and healing, in a plural celebration of ancestral powers that, often labeled as "witchcraft," represent a profound cultural heritage. At the heart of this work lies the power of femininity, obscured by centuries of stigma and persecution, leading us to delve into the intrinsic strengths of women, in their ability to deal with love, death, and healing, and their resilience throughout history.
Through a unique fusion of artistic techniques, including analog photography, expired films, digital photography, cyanotype, text, illustration, and objects, the book rescues shamanic and taromantic rituals, magical symbolism, and a deep connection with nature that dwells in the collective female memory.
Here, everything is true! The artist touches raw nerves and gives substance to other female voices that join her photographic ritual, in a process of overcoming, traversing the depths of human experience, from pain to healing, from loss to rebirth, in a journey as poetic as it is tragically real. Marilene opens rifts in the history of women, allowing, through linguistic play, the visibility of the intangible.
Now, we know that the absence of women from millennia-old history and the systematic exclusion of alterity are symptoms of a society structured according to patriarchal and ethnocentric norms. This constitutes sufficient reason for the impetus of this investigation guided by a feminist ethic capable of bringing forth a renewed discourse on gender and exalting the transformative power of women.
The struggle is enduring, and the harmonious echoes of "Quake, quake! The witches are back" were already resonating in the feminist movements of the 1970s. The fact is that the connection between the pre-modern imagination and movements engaged in anticapitalism, feminism, and ecology represents a fusion of both ancient and contemporary elements. While in the 1990s, the political interpretation of the Middle Ages seemed predominantly associated with the far right, emphasizing figures like Joan of Arc and the "Christian roots of Europe", today, autonomous leftist movements evoke a different Middle Ages: multicultural, pre-capitalist, and ecological, where women claim a greater space in society. In this context, the roles of caregivers and herbalists are reclaimed, transforming into the oppressed witches of the modern era. In this sense, by restoring to art its vernacular and ritualistic approach, Marilene emerges as a curator of the concerns of her time, reflecting current anxieties and challenges.
Here, a contemporary poetic expression emerges through its hybridism. We believe that the interdisciplinarity and transversality in contemporary photography result from increasingly heterodox territories. Simultaneously, these characteristics are crucial for the creation of increasingly liquid and fluid boundaries between languages. Marilene intertwines photography with other modes of image generation and fields of knowledge, in a technical and poetic dialogue, which permeates the documentary and fictional approach, amidst times, shouts, and whispers. Here, photography ceases to be seen as a fragment of the "real," transforming into an agent constructing narrative flows that carry the confrontation between the subject and the world in a spiral. It is crucial to understand Marilene's photographic act as an attitude that provokes rhythms, fissures, and displacements. We perceive that the present time, threatened by catastrophes, invites us to reinvent ways of critically being and inhabiting the world.
In this sense, the fables and hybrid, transdisciplinary constructions proposed by Marilene are profoundly innovative in understanding photography for their existential vibration and social, political, and technological connections. Through these rituals, the author ensnares us in a web of concerns that propel us from inertia to aesthetic action, inviting us to a "spiral dance" inspired by Starhawk, a contemporary activist and witch whose work sheds light on the spiritual and magical aspects of femininity. The work resonates at a time when the world faces challenges of extremism and intolerance through a vibrant political discourse of rebellion against stereotypes and the erasure of the potency of femininity.
This gesture is so powerful that, dialectically, it confronts us with the game of existence. Unlike Proust, Marilene does not seek to evoke lost time. She simply maintains acceptance of the imagistic alterity that emerges from death to life. However, a gesture remains unexplained: the artist is the protagonist of her story, delivering her heart to the ancestral wisdom of her grandmothers, to the dark world of the unconscious. This is a silent scream that draws attention to the grandeur of nature and the cosmos, as a way to seek answers to its fragility. Ahead of us, there remains only the urgency to exist."
ÂNGELA FERREIRA . aka BERLINDE (november 2023)
Curator, researcher and artist.
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